Programming Assignment 1: Percolation. Write a program to estimate the value of the percolation threshold via Monte Carlo simulation. Install a Java programming environment. Install a Java programming environment on your computer by following these step-by-step instructions for your operating system Mac OS X Windows Linux. Mac OS X and Windows installer. If you used our Mac OS X or Windows installer, these programs are already installed as command-line utilities. You can check a single file or multiple files via the commands:% checkstyle-algs4 HelloWorld.java% checkstyle-algs4.java% findbugs-algs4 HelloWorld.class% findbugs-algs4.class. Ans1: (a) Stealing or copying a user 's files; writing over another program 's (belonging to another user or to the OS) area in memory; using system resources (CPU, disk space) without proper accounting; causing the printer to mix output by sending data while some other user 's file is printing. OS ASSIGNMENT-1 Q1. In a multiprogramming and time-sharing environment, several users share the system simultaneously. This situation can result in various security problems. What are two such problems? Can we ensure the same degree of security in a time-shared machine as in a dedicated machine? Explain your answer?
- Assignment 1 Mac Os 11
- Assignment 1 Mac Os 11
- Mac Os Download
- Assignment 1 Mac Os Download
- Assignment 1 Mac Os Catalina
Programming Assignment 1: Percolation
Write a program to estimate the value of the percolation thresholdvia Monte Carlo simulation.
Install a Java programming environment.Install a Java programming environment on your computer by followingthese step-by-step instructions for your operating system[Mac OS X·Windows·Linux]. After following these instructions you will have stdlib.jarand algs4.jarin your Java classpath:the former contains libraries for reading data from standard input,writing data to standard output, drawing results to standard draw, generating random numbers,computing statistics, and timing programs;the latter contains all of the algorithms in the textbook.
Percolation.Given a composite systems comprised of randomly distributed insulating and metallicmaterials: what fraction of the materials need to be metallic so that the composite system is an electrical conductor? Given a porous landscape with water on the surface (or oil below),under what conditions will the water be able to drain through to the bottom (or theoil to gush through to the surface)?Scientists have defined an abstract process known as percolationto model such situations.
The model.We model a percolation system using an N-by-N grid of sites.Each site is either open or blocked.A full site is an open sitethat can be connected to an open site in the top row via a chain ofneighboring (left, right, up, down) open sites.We say the system percolates if there is a full site in the bottom row.In other words, a system percolates if we fill all open sitesconnected to the top row and that process fills some opensite on the bottom row. (For the insulating/metallic materials example, the open sites correspondto metallic materials, so that a system that percolates has a metallic path from top to bottom, with full sites conducting.For the porous substance example, the open sites correspond to empty space through which water might flow, so that a system that percolates lets water fill open sites, flowing from top to bottom.)
The problem.In a famous scientific problem, researchers are interested in thefollowing question: if sites are independently set to be open withprobability p (and therefore blocked withprobability 1 − p), what is the probability that the system percolates?When p equals 0, the system does not percolate; when p equals 1,the system percolates.The plots below show the site vacancy probability p versus the percolationprobability for 20-by-20 random grid (left) and 100-by-100 random grid (right).
When N is sufficiently large, there is a threshold value p* suchthat when p < p* a random N-by-N grid almost never percolates, and when p > p*,a random N-by-N grid almost always percolates.No mathematical solution for determining the percolation threshold p*has yet been derived.Your task is to write a computer program to estimate p*.
Percolation data type.To model a percolation system, create a data type Percolation with the following API:
Corner cases. By convention, the row and column indices i and jare integers between 0 and N − 1, where (0, 0) is the upper-left site:Throw a java.lang.IndexOutOfBoundsExceptionif any argument to open(), isOpen(), or isFull()is outside its prescribed range.The constructor should throw a java.lang.IllegalArgumentException if N ≤ 0.
Performance requirements. The constructor should take time proportional to N2; all methods shouldtake constant time plus a constant number of calls to the union-find methods union(), find(), connected(), and count().
Monte Carlo simulation.To estimate the percolation threshold, consider the following computational experiment:
- Initialize all sites to be blocked.
- Repeat the following until the system percolates:
- Choose a site (row i, column j) uniformly atrandom among all blocked sites.
- Open the site (row i, column j).
- The fraction of sites that are opened when the system percolatesprovides an estimate of the percolation threshold.
For example, if sites are opened in a 20-by-20 grid according to the snapshots below,then our estimate of the percolation threshold is 204/400 = 0.51 because the systempercolates when the 204th site is opened.
Assignment 1 Mac Os 11
By repeating this computation experiment T times and averaging the results,we obtain a more accurate estimate of the percolation threshold.Let xt be the fraction of open sites in computational experiment t.The sample mean μ provides an estimate of the percolation threshold;the sample standard deviation σ measures the sharpness of the threshold.
Assuming T is sufficiently large (say, at least 30), the followingprovides a 95% confidence interval for the percolation threshold:To perform a series of computational experiments, create a data type PercolationStatswith the following API.
The constructor should throw a java.lang.IllegalArgumentExceptionif either N ≤ 0 or T ≤ 0.The constructor should take two argumentsN and T, and perform T independentcomputational experiments (discussed above) on an N-by-N grid. Using thisexperimental data, it should calculate the mean, standard deviation, and the 95% confidence interval for the percolation threshold. Use standard random from stdlib.jar to generate random numbers;use standard statistics from stdlib.jar to compute thesample mean and standard deviation.
Analysis of running time and memory usage. Implement the Percolation data type using the quick-find data typeQuickFindUF.javafrom algs4.jar.
- Use the stopwatch data type from stdlib.jar to measure the total running time of PercolationStats.How does doubling N affect the total running time?How does doubling T affect the total running time?Give a formula (using tilde notation) of the total runningtime on your computer (in seconds) as a single function of bothN and T.
- Using the 64-bit memory-cost model from lecture and Section 1.4,give the total memory usage in bytes (using tilde notation) that a Percolationobject uses to model an N-by-N percolation system.Count all memory that is used, including memory for the union-find data structure.
Please wait until after Tuesday's lecture (Analysis of Algorithms) to answer these questions.
Deliverables.Submit only Percolation.java (using the weighted quick-union algorithm as implemented in the WeightedQuickUnionUF class)and PercolationStats.java.We will supply stdlib.jar and WeightedQuickUnionUF.java.On this assignment, the only library functions you may call are those injava.lang, stdlib.jar, and WeightedQuickUnionUF.java.Also, submit a readme.txt file andanswer all questions. You will need to read the COS 226 Collaboration Policyin order to answer the related questions in your readme file.
This assignment was developed by Bob Sedgewick and Kevin Wayne.Copyright © 2008.
CloudCompare is a Free software.Free as in 'Free speech', not as in'free beer'. Developing and maintaining a software is never free (nomagic in this world). If CloudCompare helps you make (or save) a lot of money, then please contributeor donate. P.S.: if you reallycan't, at least send us an email to say thanks ;-) P.P.S.: we are also in need of equipment (scanners, computers, graphiccards, hard drives, etc.) P.P.P.S.: we also like nice datasets! (Manufacturers that are alreadycontributing or supporting us: DotProduct, 2G Robotics, Riegl, Geoslam, Kaarta) |
Latest alpha release (2.12.alpha - 04/29/2021)
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| Windows64 bits Stereo | NA | |||||
| MacOS 64 bits | NA | |||||
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| Sources | gitrepository: https://github.com/cloudcompare/cloudcompare(for compilation instructions, refer to the BUILD.md file) | |||||
Latest stable release (2.11.3 Anoia)
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| Windows64 bits | (MD5:c43dbac7e2768c7d50b5dd47575a0787) | (MD5:700f38cff87b81f868db8d55e04b446e) | (MD5:b435f71433a06b11b9540c43da912fdb) | |||
| Windows64 bits Stereo(support for NVidia 3D Vision and Oculus Rift) | (MD5:53b385a757468e6cd9db1177a1e0d6a2) | (MD5:724ff39a2c8cb44cad5f53fd508de41d) | (MD5:0188dd248093c853da01a0b6cf5269fd) | |||
| MacOS 64 bits | Thanksto Andy Maloney, MacOS appsare available here | |||||
| Linux64 bits | Nowthanks to AlbertoMardegan (and Romain Janvier), there is a 'universal' snap packagefor Linux. On Ubuntu, starting from version 16.04 it's as simple as typing 'snapinstall cloudcompare'. On other distributions, you may need to install snap first (pleaserefer tothe corresponding documentation if necessary). Snaps are published in 3channels: 'stable', 'beta', and'edge'. The 'stable' andthe'beta'channel deliver the latest stable and beta versions of CloudComparewhile 'edge' delivers nightly builds and may eat your laundry. You canswitch at any time between these three channels by launching 'sudo snaprefresh --<channel name>' in your terminal. | |||||
| Sources | https://github.com/CloudCompare/CloudCompare/releases/tag/v2.11.1(for compilation instructions, refer to the BUILD.md file) | |||||
Additional resources
Assignment 1 Mac Os 11
- Peter Kovesi provides various perceptually efficient colour ramps: https://peterkovesi.com/projects/colourmaps . Youcan download them (there's a link in the table under the 'Download'section) and load them in CloudCompare once (via the Color Scale Manager - see the 'Export / Import'section). CloudCompare will then remember them.
- The official and up-to-date documentation is always the wiki
- See the 'CHANGELOG.md'file and the latest releasenotes for a list of the latest features
Last version compatible with old intel / ATI graphic cards (2.6.3 beta)
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Notes about the archive versions (7zip):
- we now use 7zipand its 7z format (instead of the more standard zip format) as it ismuch more efficient
- simply decompress the files in their default directory andlaunchthe program with CloudCompare.exeor ccViewer.exe
- try not to decompress files onto a previousversion(delete/uninstall it first)
- you may have to manually install the Microsoft Visual C++Redistributable Package 2017
- the qFaro I/O plugin is not available in the archiveversion (you have to usethe installer)
Windows 32 bits
For Windows 32 bits, the last supported versions wereCloudCompare 2.6.2 (installer: and archive: ) andccViewer 1.34 (archive: )Plugins
Mac Os Download
See the list of all plugins: https://www.cloudcompare.org/doc/wiki/index.php?title=Plugins.Sketchup plugin
This plugin will let you'paste' points selected with the 'Point picking list' tool of CloudCompare in Sketchup. It hasbeen developed by P. Biani (see his website).Assignment 1 Mac Os Download
Mind thatthedocumentation of this plugin is only in frenchfor now.